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Platelets and cytokines: How and why?

O Garraud1, H Hamzeh-Cognasse, F Cognasse

  • 1Établissement français du sang Auvergne-Loire, 25, boulevard Pasteur, 42023 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France. olivier.garraud@efs.sante.fr

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|June 12, 2012
PubMed

For patients with platelet deficiencies, platelet components are therapeutic products for which there is no substitute. However, transfusion complications are more frequent with this labile blood product than with others. This is attributable to products secreted by the platelets themselves, including a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and biological response modifiers, some of which are secreted in large quantities following platelet activation. Why platelets are activated and prone to releasing these molecules during certain inflammatory and innate immune responses is not yet fully understood, but it could be due to several parameters including incompatibilities between blood donors and recipients, the process of platelet preparation and preservation, and the ability of the donor's immune system to sense danger presented by external stimuli during the blood donation process. This review presents our current knowledge of how the platelets that constitute the platelet component for transfusion are sources of cytokines and biological response modifiers and discusses methods to improve the quality of blood transfusion products and safety for patients.

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