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Practice effects in the developing brain: a pilot study.

Dietsje D Jolles1, Mark A van Buchem, Serge A R B Rombouts

  • 1Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, PO Box 9600; 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. d.d.jolles@lumc.nl

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Extensive practice improved working memory manipulation in children, leading to increased frontoparietal brain activation. This suggests the developing brain is more flexible than previously thought.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Working memory manipulation relies on dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortex, functions that mature late.
  • Behavioral studies indicate children can improve these functions with extensive practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children exhibit enhanced frontoparietal brain activation after practicing a working memory manipulation task.
  • To compare brain activation patterns in children and adults before and after a 6-week practice period.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week working memory manipulation task was administered to 12-year-old children and young adults.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to acquire brain activation data before and after the practice period.

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Main Results:

  • Both children and adults showed improved task performance, with lasting effects for at least 6 months.
  • Prior to practice, children displayed less frontoparietal activation than adults during working memory manipulation.
  • Following practice, the activation differences between children and adults significantly decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive practice can lead to increased frontoparietal activation in children for working memory manipulation.
  • Preliminary findings challenge the notion that immature brain structures cannot be engaged.
  • Further research with larger samples is needed to explore brain flexibility in developing individuals.