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Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

4E-BP3 regulates eIF4E-mediated nuclear mRNA export and interacts with replication protein A2.

Chao-Chung Chen¹, Jeng-Chang Lee, Ming-Chung Chang

¹Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

|June 12, 2012

Summary

4E-BP3 protein inhibits mRNA export from the nucleus, affecting cyclin D1 levels. This inhibition is regulated by RPA2 phosphorylation, impacting cell growth.

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Published on: December 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a crucial role in regulating mRNA nuclear export.
4E-binding proteins (4BPs) modulate eIF4E activity and are implicated in cellular processes.
Cyclin D1 protein levels are critical for cell cycle progression and are tightly regulated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of 4E-BP3 (eIF4E-binding protein 3) in mRNA nuclear export.
To determine the impact of 4E-BP3 on cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels.
To elucidate the mechanism by which 4E-BP3 regulates eIF4E-mediated mRNA export.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cyclin D1 protein and cytoplasmic mRNA levels in U2OS and MCF7 cells with altered 4E-BP3 expression.
Comparison of 4E-BP3 and 4E-BP1 effects on eIF4E-mediated mRNA export.
Investigation of 4E-BP3 interaction with replication protein A2 (RPA2) and the role of RPA2 phosphorylation.

Main Results:

Altered 4E-BP3 expression significantly affected cyclin D1 protein levels, partly due to changes in cytoplasmic cyclin D1 mRNA.
4E-BP3 modulated the export of a subset of growth-promoting mRNAs dependent on eIF4.
4E-BP3 interacted with dephosphorylated RPA2, and its inhibitory effect on mRNA export was linked to RPA2 phosphorylation status.

Conclusions:

4E-BP3 functions as an inhibitor of eIF4E-mediated mRNA export in U2OS and MCF7 cells.
The phosphorylation state of RPA2 regulates 4E-BP3's inhibition of eIF4E-mediated mRNA export.
These findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for mRNA export impacting cell growth.