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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Item order matters in a function learning task.

Peter J Kwantes1, Andrew Neal, Michael Kalish

  • 1Defence Research & Development Canada and School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia. peter.kwantes@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Participants

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Machine Learning Theory

Background:

  • Function learning involves understanding relationships between predictor and criterion variables.
  • Extrapolation items test understanding beyond trained data ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how training item presentation affects extrapolation in function learning.
  • Evaluate if existing models (POLE, EXAM) explain these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulated trial-to-trial changes in predictor-criterion relationships during training.
  • Assessed participant responses on extrapolation items.
  • Compared results against Population of Linear Experts (POLE) and Extrapolation Association Model (EXAM).

Main Results:

  • Training item presentation significantly influenced extrapolation patterns.
  • Neither POLE nor EXAM, in their current forms, could account for the observed effects.
  • A novel model incorporating trial-to-trial change information improved explanatory power.

Conclusions:

  • Existing function learning models need refinement to capture extrapolation behavior.
  • Information regarding changes within the training set is crucial for accurate extrapolation.
  • A new model accounting for dynamic training data changes better explains human extrapolation.