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A survey of non-classical polyandry.

Katherine E Starkweather¹, Raymond Hames

¹Anthropology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA. kesc99@mail.missouri.edu

Human Nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)

|June 13, 2012

Summary

Polyandry, the practice of one woman having multiple husbands, is more common globally than previously thought. It is most prevalent in egalitarian societies and may be linked to factors like sex ratios and male mortality.

Area of Science:

Anthropology
Sociology
Human Evolutionary Ecology

Background:

Polyandry, a marriage system where one woman has multiple husbands, is often perceived as rare and geographically restricted.
Previous research has primarily focused on specific regions like the Himalayas and Marquesas Islands.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize societies practicing polyandry outside traditional areas.
To investigate the demographic, social, marital, and economic factors associated with polyandry.
To evaluate hypotheses explaining the causes and evolutionary significance of polyandry.

Main Methods:

Cross-cultural survey of ethnographic data.
Statistical analysis of societal characteristics.
Hypothesis testing on factors influencing polyandry.

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Main Results:

Identified 53 societies practicing polyandry globally, outside classical areas.
Polyandry is more widespread than commonly believed, often found in egalitarian societies.
Polyandry correlates with high operational sex ratios favoring males and high male mortality/absenteeism.

Conclusions:

Polyandry is a significant, though infrequent, global phenomenon.
Societal egalitarianism, sex ratios, and male mortality are potential drivers of polyandry.
Polyandry offers insights into human evolutionary history and mating strategies.