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Updated: May 21, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Motivating online learners using attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction Motivational Theory and distributed
Denise K Gormley1, Christine Colella, Dustin L Shell
1College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. denise.gormley@uc.edu
Abstract:
Learning online requires self-regulation, intrinsic motivation, and independence. Building an online classroom environment that fosters the development of these behaviors for students is key to their success. Use of ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction) Motivational Theory and distributed scaffolding can assist faculty in developing intentional support to help the online student achieve learning outcomes. The authors discuss development of teaching strategies in online, distance learning courses that will enhance student motivation and learning outcomes.
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