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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Minimally Invasive Isolated Limb Perfusion (MI-ILP) for Locally Advanced Melanomas and Sarcomas of the Extremity
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Isolated lower limb medium-vessel vasculitis: a new entity?

David Gore1, Marwan Bukhari

  • 1University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, UK. d@gorie.com

BMJ Case Reports
|June 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of medium-vessel vasculitis caused toe gangrene in a 47-year-old female. Despite treatment, amputation was necessary, highlighting the aggressive nature of this unclassified vasculitis.

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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • A 47-year-old female presented with critical limb ischemia affecting her toes.
  • Initial investigations ruled out common causes like malignancy, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections.

Observation:

  • The patient exhibited bilateral ischemic lesions and gangrene of the toes.
  • Splinter hemorrhages were noted on the hands, and feet showed dusky discoloration.
  • Peripheral pulses were intact with strong Doppler signals, suggesting a non-occlusive vascular issue.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of vasculitis was made based on response to steroids.
  • Despite treatment with steroids, azathioprine, and other immunomodulators, the condition progressed to gangrene and required amputation.
  • Histology confirmed medium-vessel vasculitis, negative for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, a presentation not previously reported.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a potentially novel and aggressive form of medium-vessel vasculitis.
  • The unresponsiveness to standard immunosuppressive therapy underscores the need for further research into its pathogenesis and treatment.
  • This unique presentation challenges current diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms for vasculitis affecting the extremities.