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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Inferring the regulatory network behind a gene expression experiment.

Marta Bleda1, Ignacio Medina, Roberto Alonso

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.

Nucleic Acids Research
|June 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are vital in development and disease. The RENATO web server simplifies exploring these regulatory networks for better biological insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms.
  • These regulatory elements are crucial for development, cell cycling, cell signaling, and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Regulatory Network Analysis Tool (RENATO) web server for exploring gene regulatory networks.
  • To facilitate the understanding of functional modularity and network integrity under perturbations.

Main Methods:

  • RENATO analyzes gene lists to identify compatible TFs and miRNAs involved in gene regulation.
  • It employs single enrichment and gene set enrichment tests to find significantly involved regulators.
  • An interactive graphical interface aids in exploring the discovered regulatory networks.

Main Results:

  • RENATO provides an accessible platform for analyzing expression profiling data.
  • The tool identifies key TFs and miRNAs regulating queried gene sets.
  • Interactive visualization enhances the exploration of complex regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • RENATO simplifies the exploration of gene regulatory networks, aiding biological research.
  • The tool is valuable for analyzing expression profiling data and understanding regulatory mechanisms in development and disease.