Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

Blood Transfusion

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...

Volume of Distribution

Volume of Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...

Blood Flow

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Machine Learning Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Older Emergency Surgery Patients.

The Journal of surgical research·2026

Same author

Closing the loop: Understanding ostomy reversal rates and risks in trauma patients.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026

Same author

Role of thromboelastography in risk stratifying patients with traumatic brain injury on prehospital antiplatelet agents.

Trauma surgery & acute care open·2026

Same author

Postdischarge outcomes of nonoperative management in complicated diverticulitis: Solution or Band-Aid?

Surgery·2026

Same author

Expanding Procedural Metrics: Rib Fixation as an Additional Surrogate of Trauma Center Performance: In Reply to Forrester and colleagues.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026

Same author

A nationwide comparison of intracranial pressure monitoring devices in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: Impact on surgical intervention and mortality.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: November 3, 2023

Accounting for differences in transfusion volume: Are all massive transfusions created equal?

John P Sharpe¹, Jordan A Weinberg, Louis J Magnotti

¹Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

|June 15, 2012

Summary

Massive transfusion (MT) patients receiving more red blood cells (RBCs) had lower plasma:RBC ratios and higher mortality. Adjusting for RBC quantity reduced this association, highlighting its importance in transfusion studies.

More Related Videos

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: November 3, 2023

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Trauma resuscitation
Transfusion medicine
Critical care medicine

Background:

Massive transfusion (MT) protocols are critical for managing severe hemorrhage.
Patient variability in blood product needs necessitates nuanced analysis.
Previous studies have not fully examined the impact of red blood cell (RBC) quantity on transfusion ratios and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of transfused RBC units on plasma:RBC and platelet:RBC ratios.
To determine the association between these ratios and mortality in MT patients.
To account for the heterogeneity in RBC requirements among MT patients.

Main Methods:

Prospective data collection from trauma patients receiving ≥ 10 RBC units.
Exclusion of intra-operative deaths to mitigate survival bias.
Stratification by plasma:RBC and platelet:RBC ratios (HIGH, MID, LOW) and risk ratio calculation.

Main Results:

Patients receiving more RBC units had significantly lower plasma:RBC ratios.
Crude analysis showed higher mortality with lower plasma:RBC ratios (RR 1.99).
After adjusting for RBC units transfused, the mortality difference was not significant.

Conclusions:

Higher RBC quantities in MT patients correlate with lower plasma:RBC ratios and increased mortality risk.
The number of RBC units transfused is a significant confounder in transfusion ratio analyses.
Future research must consider RBC quantity heterogeneity in MT patient outcomes.