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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Published on: December 9, 2010

Parallel MR imaging.

Anagha Deshmane¹, Vikas Gulani, Mark A Griswold

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI

|June 15, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Parallel imaging accelerates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by acquiring less data, enabling faster image reconstruction. This technique, using methods like SENSE and GRAPPA, reduces motion artifacts and expands MRI applications.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biophysics
Radiology

Background:

Parallel imaging is a key technique for accelerating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data acquisition.
It utilizes an array of receiver coils to acquire undersampled k-space data, enabling faster scans.
This acceleration is crucial for new MRI applications and improving clinical efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the fundamental concepts of parallel imaging in MRI.
To explain the relationship between data undersampling and image aliasing.
To detail two primary parallel imaging reconstruction methods: SENSE and GRAPPA.

Main Methods:

Explains the principles of acquiring reduced k-space data using multiple receiver coils.
Details SENSE (Sensitivity Encoding) and GRAPPA (Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions) reconstruction algorithms.
Discusses artifact generation, detection, and mitigation strategies in parallel imaging.

Main Results:

Demonstrates how undersampling leads to aliasing artifacts in MRI data.
Illustrates the reconstruction process for artifact-free images using SENSE and GRAPPA.
Presents examples of artifacts and methods for their management.

Conclusions:

Parallel imaging significantly accelerates MRI acquisition, improving patient comfort and reducing motion artifacts.
Understanding SENSE and GRAPPA is essential for effective implementation and artifact management.
Current applications and future research directions highlight the growing importance of parallel imaging in MRI.