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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
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Published on: August 16, 2019

Immunotherapy for diabetic amyotrophy.

Yee Cheun Chan1, Yew Long Lo, Edwin S Y Chan

  • 1Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. yeecheun@yahoo.com.sg.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review found no evidence from randomized trials to support immunotherapy for diabetic amyotrophy. Further research is needed to establish effective treatments for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetic amyotrophy, also known as diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathies, affects people with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • It presents as acute or subacute, progressive, asymmetrical pain and weakness in proximal lower limb muscles.
  • Immune-mediated inflammatory microvasculitis causing nerve ischemia is a suspected cause, suggesting immunotherapy might be beneficial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of immunotherapy for diabetic amyotrophy.
  • To update previous reviews on this topic, first published in 2009.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive searches of multiple databases (Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE) up to January 2012.
  • Inclusion criteria specified RCTs of any immunotherapy for patients with DM and characteristic symptoms, excluding other causes.
  • Independent review of retrieved references by two authors to select eligible trials.

Main Results:

  • Only one completed controlled trial using intravenous methylprednisolone was identified (Dyck 2006).
  • The results of this trial were not fully published and could not be analyzed.
  • No additional relevant trials were found upon updating the searches in 2012.

Conclusions:

  • Currently, there is a lack of evidence from randomized trials to support the use of any immunotherapy for diabetic amyotrophy.
  • No recommendations can be made regarding immunotherapy treatments for this condition based on available evidence.