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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Published on: April 16, 2015

Naive CD4+ T cells and recent thymic emigrants in common variable immunodeficiency.

M Oraei1, A Aghamohammadi, N Rezaei

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Male patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) have significantly lower naïve CD4+ T cells and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) cells, potentially linked to reduced thymic output and associated autoimmunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Primary immunodeficiencies

Background:

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex antibody deficiency disorder.
  • Characterizing immune cell subsets is crucial for understanding CVID pathophysiology.
  • This study investigates naïve CD4+ T cells and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) cells in CVID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare naïve CD4+ T cell and RTE cell levels in CVID patients versus healthy controls.
  • To explore potential sex-based differences in these immune cell populations within CVID.
  • To correlate T cell subset levels with clinical manifestations, such as autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD45RA, CD62L, and CD31 markers on CD4+ T cells.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 CVID patients and 20 healthy controls were analyzed.
  • CVID patients were categorized based on naïve CD4+ T cell percentages (<33% or >33%).

Main Results:

  • Male CVID patients exhibited significantly lower naïve CD4+ T cells and RTE cells compared to females and healthy males.
  • A higher proportion of male CVID patients fell into the lower naïve CD4+ T cell group (<33%).
  • Autoimmunity was exclusively observed in CVID patients with lower naïve CD4+ T cell counts.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced thymic output may explain the lower naïve CD4+ T and RTE cell counts in male CVID patients.
  • Classifying CVID patients by naïve CD4+ T cell levels aligns with observed clinical features.
  • These findings highlight sex-specific immune dysregulation in CVID and its clinical relevance.