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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

A 52-year-old male with visual changes.

David M Atkinson, Ronald L Hamilton

    Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
    |June 16, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A rare Crooke's cell adenoma, a type of pituitary tumor, was diagnosed in a patient with Nelson's Syndrome. This finding is unprecedented in cases of Nelson's Syndrome, highlighting a unique clinical presentation.

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    Published on: December 8, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuro-oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • The patient had a history of Cushing's Disease and subsequent bilateral adrenalectomy, leading to Nelson's Syndrome.
    • Nelson's Syndrome is characterized by pituitary macroadenoma development after adrenalectomy due to loss of negative feedback.
    • The patient presented with visual changes, indicating mass effect from the pituitary tumor.

    Observation:

    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a pituitary macroadenoma.
    • Serum studies showed markedly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels without hyperpigmentation.
    • Despite elevated ACTH, the patient did not exhibit classic signs of hypercortisolism.

    Findings:

    • Endoscopic surgery successfully removed the pituitary tumor.
    • Microscopic examination confirmed a pituitary adenoma with strong ACTH immunostaining.
    • Tumor cells exhibited Crooke's hyaline change and cytokeratin staining, identifying it as a Crooke's cell adenoma.
    • Normal pituitary tissue was absent.

    Implications:

    • This is the first reported case of a Crooke's cell adenoma occurring in the context of Nelson's Syndrome.
    • The presence of this rare adenoma subtype in Nelson's Syndrome expands the understanding of pituitary tumorPathology.
    • This case underscores the importance of comprehensive histopathological evaluation in pituitary tumors, especially in complex endocrine scenarios.