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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
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Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

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Vaccines and public policy.

William Schaffner1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. william.schaffner@vanderbilt.edu

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This personal narrative details the author's transition from clinical medicine to public health, emphasizing the transformative impact of the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) training and the early encounters with measles and its vaccine.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Medical Training and Professional Development

Background:

  • The author completed internal medicine and infectious disease training at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
  • Fulfilling a national service obligation in the 1960s led to a commission in the US Public Health Service.
  • The author was assigned to the Communicable Disease Center (now CDC) for training as an Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the author's formative experiences in investigative field epidemiology.
  • To highlight the transition from individual patient care to community health.
  • To recount the initial encounter with measles and its vaccine during EIS training.

Main Methods:

  • The narrative focuses on the author's personal journey and professional transformation.
  • It describes the immersive 6-week training program for EIS Officers.
  • The author's subsequent field assignment in Rhode Island is detailed.

Main Results:

  • The training instilled principles of investigative field epidemiology.
  • EIS training transformed clinicians into public health physicians focused on community health.
  • The author's role as a "disease detective" began, leading to an encounter with measles and its vaccine.

Conclusions:

  • The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program profoundly shaped the author's career in public health.
  • Early exposure to infectious diseases like measles and vaccination efforts underscored the importance of community-level interventions.
  • The experience highlights the critical role of epidemiology in public health practice.