Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scrub Typhus Presenting with Isolated Xerostomia.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2026
Same author

Post-pandemic surge in invasive group A Streptococcus infections: A hospital-based active surveillance study in Okinawa, Japan.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Astrocyte reactivity across the AD continuum measured by [<sup>18</sup>F]SMBT-1 and its relationship with the Aβ burden.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Titration of RAS alters senescent state and influences tumour initiation.

Nature·2026
Same author

Complete genome analysis of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> strain MYK24826 isolated from a Japanese patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026
Same author

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Eosinophilic Myocarditis and Coexisting Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2026
Same journal

Post-extubation pneumothorax following bougie-assisted endotracheal tube exchange.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Cardiac tamponade secondary to hypothyroidism.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Unmasking a rare contrast reaction: acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema after iohexol injection.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Water gonioscopy-assisted transluminaltrabeculotomy.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> osteomyelitis presenting as a Brodie's abscess of the tibia.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Steroid refractory rapidly progressing organising pneumonia.

BMJ case reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Painful hypoadrenalism.

Chisho Hoshino1, Noriyuki Satoh, Masashi Narita

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine, Ohta-Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima-ken, Japan. gim-hoshino@ohta-hp.or.jp

BMJ Case Reports
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency can cause widespread musculoskeletal pain and stiffness. Prompt hydrocortisone replacement effectively resolved these unexplained rheumatic symptoms.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Adrenocortical insufficiency is a rare endocrine disorder.
  • It can present with non-specific symptoms, including musculoskeletal pain.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male presented with diffuse myalgia and arthralgia, musculoskeletal tenderness, and joint stiffness.
  • Neurological studies revealed combined axonal degenerative and demyelinating changes.
  • Muscle biopsy showed mild atrophy with myopathic changes on electromyography.

Findings:

  • Endocrinological evaluation led to a diagnosis of isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency.
  • Treatment with physiological hydrocortisone replacement resolved the patient's widespread pain and stiffness.

Implications:

  • Adrenocortical insufficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained rheumatic symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis and hormone replacement can effectively manage associated musculoskeletal complaints.