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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse
12:24

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Published on: June 20, 2014

Underlying cause discovered for a prior idiopathic AMI.

R Godfrey1, R O'Hanlon, M Wilson

  • 1Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, London, UK. richard.godfrey@brunel.ac.uk

BMJ Case Reports
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A young man

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • A young male presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite normal coronary arteries.
  • The underlying cause of coronary thrombus remained undiagnosed for 18 months.

Observation:

  • The patient developed new symptoms including breathlessness, dizziness, and collapse.
  • CT scan revealed extensive deep venous thromboses (DVT) and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE).

Findings:

  • Acute pharmacological thrombolysis successfully treated the pulmonary emboli and improved symptoms.
  • Diagnosis of a coagulopathy was established, necessitating long-term anticoagulation with Warfarin.

Implications:

  • Young patients with AMI require thorough investigation for coagulopathy, not just coronary artery disease.

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  • Breathlessness in patients with a history of AMI warrants CT imaging to rule out pulmonary embolism.