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Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
11:10

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

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Type III effector-mediated processes in Salmonella infection.

Joris van der Heijden1, B Brett Finlay

  • 1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Future Microbiology
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Salmonella infections are a global health issue. Researchers are exploring bacterial type III secretion systems and their effectors as potential therapeutic targets to combat antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
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Published on: August 11, 2014

Automated Analysis of Intracellular Phenotypes of Salmonella Using ImageJ
10:39

Automated Analysis of Intracellular Phenotypes of Salmonella Using ImageJ

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Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion
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Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Salmonella is a significant bacterial pathogen causing human infections globally.
  • Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are crucial virulence factors used by Salmonella to inject effector proteins into host cells.
  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates novel strategies to control Salmonella infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of Salmonella effector-mediated processes in infection.
  • To analyze T3SS as a potential therapeutic target.
  • To discuss emerging techniques for developing new treatments against Salmonella.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Salmonella effectors and T3SS.
  • Analysis of identified effector functions and their contribution to disease.
  • Discussion of novel approaches and technologies for therapeutic development.

Main Results:

  • Numerous effector-mediated processes contributing to Salmonella infection have been identified.
  • T3SS and their effectors play a central role in Salmonella pathogenesis.
  • Despite progress, no specific treatments targeting these mechanisms are currently available.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding effector-mediated processes is key to combating Salmonella.
  • T3SS represent a promising target for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research into new techniques is essential to address the global challenge of Salmonella infections.