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Immunotherapies in neurologic disorders.

Donna Graves1, Steven Vernino

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9036, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
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Immunotherapies for autoimmune neurologic disorders, including demyelinating and neuromuscular conditions, have advanced with new biologicals and established treatments. This review details current treatment options for diverse autoimmune neurological diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Autoimmune neurologic disorders encompass a diverse range of conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Therapeutic strategies have evolved significantly, incorporating traditional immunosuppressants and novel biological agents.
  • Current treatments aim to modulate pathogenic antibodies or suppress aberrant immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of immunotherapies utilized in the management of various autoimmune neurologic disorders.
  • To highlight the evolving landscape of treatment options, from conventional immunosuppression to advanced biological therapies.
  • To acknowledge the limitations in evidence from randomized controlled trials for many immunotherapies in neurology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current immunotherapies for autoimmune neurologic disorders.
  • Synthesis of information on treatments for demyelinating disorders, antibody-mediated neuromuscular disorders, and other inflammatory neurological conditions.
  • Discussion of the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of different immunotherapeutic agents.

Main Results:

  • Established immunotherapies include corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressants.
  • Novel biologicals represent a significant advancement in treating autoimmune demyelinating disorders.
  • Therapies for antibody-mediated disorders focus on antibody modulation or humoral immune response inhibition.
  • Diverse treatment approaches are employed based on the specific autoimmune neurologic condition.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment of autoimmune neurologic disorders is complex and requires tailored immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • Ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial to expand the evidence base for these diverse treatments.
  • The field continues to evolve, offering new hope and improved management for patients with these challenging conditions.