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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

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Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
12:30

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Published on: April 9, 2018

Ag44(SR)30(4-): a silver-thiolate superatom complex.

Kellen M Harkness1, Yun Tang, Amala Dass

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.

Nanoscale
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensely and broadly absorbing nanoparticles (IBANs) were identified as a silver superatom complex, Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-). This finding clarifies their molecular formula and electron count, aiding future research in nanomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Intensely and broadly absorbing nanoparticles (IBANs) composed of silver protected by arylthiolates exhibit unique optical properties.
  • The precise molecular formulas and dispersity of these IBANs have remained undetermined, hindering a full understanding of their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular formula and electronic structure of silver-based IBANs.
  • To confirm the purity and structural characteristics of these novel nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Mass spectrometry was employed to determine the molecular formula and purity of the IBANs.
  • Sedimentation velocity-analytical ultracentrifugation was used to confirm the findings from mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • IBANs were identified as a silver superatom complex with the molecular formula Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-) and an 18-electron count.
  • This molecular identity was consistent across IBANs protected by different arylthiolates, including 4-fluorothiophenol and 2-naphthalenethiol.
  • Data provided preliminary insights into a unique structural arrangement and environment for the Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-) complex.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a definitive molecular formula and electron count for silver IBANs, classifying them as superatom complexes.
  • The findings resolve previous ambiguities regarding dispersity and molecular composition, paving the way for targeted applications.
  • Further structural investigations are warranted to fully characterize the unique environment of the Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-) superatom complex.