Carbamazepine-induced agammagloblinaemia clinically mimicking diffuse panbronchiolitis

The authors report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with carbamazepine (CBZ)-related agammagloblinaemia accompanied by sinobronchial syndrome clinically mimicking diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). The patient's laboratory and radiographic findings improved significantly after cessation of CBZ, and administration of gammaglobulin and long-term oral macrolides therapy. In patients on long-term CBZ treatment, the physician should be aware of the possible development of secondary immunodeficiency, which can cause small airway diseases sharing common clinical features with DPB.