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Flail Chest-I

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Carpal contusions in an elite platform diver.

David Berkoff¹, Blake Boggess

¹Department of Sports/Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. david.berkoff@duke.edu

BMJ Case Reports

|June 19, 2012

Summary

Elite divers often experience wrist and hand injuries. A case study of an Olympic diver revealed carpal contusions and a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear, successfully treated conservatively.

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Orthopedic Surgery
Diving Medicine

Background:

Elite divers face high risks of wrist and hand injuries due to the biomechanics of head-first water entry.
Repetitive dorsiflexion stress during dives can lead to complex injuries in the wrist joint.

Observation:

This case details an Olympic diver experiencing three months of dorsal wrist pain.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed contusions of the lunate, capitate, hamate, and distal radius.
A peripheral tear at the ulnar attachment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was also identified.

Findings:

The observed injuries, including carpal contusions and a TFCC tear, were attributed to the repetitive dorsiflexion stress from diving entries.
Despite initial suspicion of a TFCC injury, the presence of complicating carpal contusions influenced the treatment approach.

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Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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Published on: April 5, 2024

Implications:

Conservative treatment was effective for this elite diver, suggesting it as a viable option for similar complex wrist injuries in athletes.
Understanding these specific injury patterns can inform preventative strategies and rehabilitation protocols for divers and other overhead athletes.