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Throwing Load Does Not Affect Musculoskeletal Measures Around Competitive Pitching in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.
Brett S Pexa1, Hayden K Giuliani-Dewig2, Joseph B Myers3
1High Point University, NC.
Journal of Athletic Training
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Pitch counts and perceived exertion did not predict arm injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Further research is needed to identify better predictors of musculoskeletal changes from pitching load.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Pediatric Sports Injury
Background:
- Adolescent baseball pitchers face injury risks linked to pitching load.
- Pitch counts are commonly used but may not fully represent upper extremity stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the recovery timeline for musculoskeletal variables after pitching.
- To assess the relationship between pitch counts, RPE, and arm-specific RPE with musculoskeletal changes in adolescent pitchers.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 36 adolescent pitchers during competitive games.
- Measured shoulder range of motion, peak rotation force, and infraspinatus properties pre- and post-pitching.
- Analyzed pitch count and RPE data, correlating them with musculoskeletal changes.
Main Results:
- Shoulder range of motion and rotation peak force showed significant changes post-pitching, with varying recovery patterns.
- No significant association was found between pitching load metrics (pitch count, RPE) and musculoskeletal changes.
Conclusions:
- Current baseball pitching load metrics, including pitch counts, do not reliably predict musculoskeletal alterations in adolescent pitchers.
- Future research should explore alternative pitching load variables to better understand and predict injury risk.
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