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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Rinderpest eradication: lessons for measles eradication?

Rik L de Swart¹, W Paul Duprex, Albert D M E Osterhaus

¹Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Virology

|June 20, 2012

Summary

Global eradication of rinderpest virus offers valuable insights for future measles eradication efforts. Lessons learned from the successful rinderpest campaign can inform strategies for eliminating measles virus.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

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Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Veterinary epidemiology
Infectious disease control
Global public health

Background:

Rinderpest virus, a Morbillivirus, caused devastating cattle epidemics impacting human populations.
The Food and Agriculture Organization declared global rinderpest eradication in 2011.
Rinderpest virus is a close relative of the measles virus, sharing biological similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss how lessons from rinderpest eradication can aid future measles eradication.
To highlight the potential for applying rinderpest control strategies to measles elimination.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of rinderpest and measles virus characteristics.
Review of strategies employed in the global rinderpest eradication program.
Identification of transferable lessons for measles control.

Main Results:

Rinderpest and measles viruses share high infectivity and biological properties.
The global rinderpest eradication demonstrated the feasibility of eliminating highly contagious diseases.
Successful rinderpest control provides a model for measles eradication planning.

Conclusions:

The successful eradication of rinderpest offers a precedent and valuable lessons for global measles eradication.
Applying insights from the rinderpest campaign can accelerate and improve the chances of measles elimination.
Cross-disciplinary learning between veterinary and human public health is crucial for eradicating viral diseases.