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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Simple Pendulum01:10

Simple Pendulum

A simple pendulum consists of a small diameter ball suspended from a string, which has negligible mass but is strong enough to not stretch. In our daily life, pendulums have many uses, such as in clocks, on a swing set, and on a sinker on a fishing line.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

A clockwork ear.

M Alicandri-Ciufelli1, Davide Soloperto, Silvia Palma

  • 1ENT Department, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.

Neuropediatrics
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Objective tinnitus, a rare condition audible to examiners, can stem from vascular issues or muscle spasms. This case study details the diagnosis of objective tinnitus in an 11-year-old girl, highlighting its unusual presentation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Objective tinnitus is rare and often misdiagnosed.
  • Potential causes include vascular malformations and muscular myoclonus.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old girl presented with a year-long history of objective tinnitus.
  • The tinnitus was audible to the examiner, indicating an objective source.
  • Diagnostic workup was initiated to identify the underlying cause.

Findings:

  • The diagnostic process involved a comprehensive evaluation of the head and neck region.
  • Specific tests were conducted to rule out vascular and muscular etiologies.
  • Detailed findings from the diagnostic workup are presented in the full study.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering objective tinnitus in pediatric patients.
  • Accurate diagnosis of objective tinnitus can prevent misdiagnosis and neglect.
  • Understanding the diagnostic pathway aids clinicians in managing similar rare cases.