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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

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Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Gene-therapy Inspired Polycation Coating for Protection of DNA Origami Nanostructures
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Published on: January 19, 2019

Weakly charged cationic nanoparticles induce DNA bending and strand separation.

Justin G Railsback1, Abhishek Singh, Ryan C Pearce

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Weakly charged cationic nanoparticles alter DNA structure, causing compaction and denaturing. Interactions involve charged ligands binding the DNA backbone and uncharged ligands disrupting base pairing.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA's structure and function are sensitive to its environment.
  • Nanoparticles offer unique properties for interacting with biological molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural effects of weakly charged cationic nanoparticles on DNA.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of nanoparticle-DNA interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophoresis for mobility shift analysis.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations.
  • UV-Vis spectrophotometry for interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles induced local DNA denaturation and compaction under mild conditions.
  • Charged ligands interacted with the DNA phosphate backbone.
  • Uncharged ligands penetrated the DNA helix, disrupting base pairing.

Conclusions:

  • Weakly charged cationic nanoparticles can significantly alter DNA structure.
  • The dual action of charged and uncharged ligands dictates the interaction mechanism.
  • These findings are relevant for nanoparticle-based gene delivery and DNA manipulation.