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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Bone-vascular cross-talk.

Gérard M London1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Manhès, Fleury Mérogis, and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. glondon@club-internet.fr

Journal of Nephrology
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular calcifications are linked to bone disorders like osteoporosis in general and chronic kidney disease populations. Shared pathways like inflammation and oxidative stress may explain this bone-vascular cross-talk.

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Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts
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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
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Simple Establishment of a Vascularized Osteogenic Bone Marrow Niche Using Pre-Cast Poly(ethylene Glycol) (PEG) Hydrogels in an Imaging Microplate
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Simple Establishment of a Vascularized Osteogenic Bone Marrow Niche Using Pre-Cast Poly(ethylene Glycol) (PEG) Hydrogels in an Imaging Microplate

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Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts
13:16

Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts

Published on: December 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Bone Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cross-sectional studies reveal associations between cardiovascular calcifications and bone disorders (osteoporosis, osteopenia, altered bone activity) in general and chronic kidney disease (CKD) / end-stage renal disease (ESRD) populations.
  • The concept of bone-vascular cross-talk is proposed to explain the biological links between bone and arterial abnormalities.
  • The precise mechanisms driving this bone-cardiovascular axis remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying the observed bone-cardiovascular axis.
  • To elucidate the biological links between bone disorders and arterial calcification.
  • To identify common pathways contributing to both bone and vascular pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing cross-sectional study findings.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for bone-vascular interactions.
  • Identification of shared etiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Potential mechanisms include common factors influencing bone remodeling and arterial calcification.
  • Compromised bone blood supply leading to arteriosclerosis and reduced perfusion is another proposed pathway.
  • Direct influence of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) on vascular biology and structure is also considered.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation and reactive oxygen species accumulation are identified as principal common pathways linking bone and arterial pathologies.
  • Understanding bone-vascular cross-talk is crucial for managing patients with both bone disorders and cardiovascular complications, particularly in CKD/ESRD.
  • Further research is warranted to fully delineate these complex interactions.