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Related Concept Videos

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
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3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

High-cost, high-capacity backbone for global brain communication.

Martijn P van den Heuvel1, René S Kahn, Joaquín Goñi

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, 3905 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.p.vandenheuvel@umcutrecht.nl

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The human brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Network Science
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Human brain structural connectivity studies reveal highly connected and central regions.
  • These hub regions form a densely interconnected
  • rich club
  • .

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of rich club connections in global brain communication.
  • To analyze the cost and capacity of pathways linking rich club regions.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 80 healthy subjects.
  • Mapping structural brain networks.
  • Assessing network topology and spatial embedding of cortico-cortical connections.

Main Results:

  • Rich club connections represent a high-cost, high-capacity backbone for brain communication.
  • These connections account for 40% of total communication cost.
  • 69% of shortest paths traverse the rich club, often using ordered degree sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Rich club connections are crucial for interregional signal traffic.
  • The brain may utilize dynamic routing strategies involving the rich club.
  • The rich club forms a central backbone for global brain communication.