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Fiber-to-chip coupler designed using an optical transformation.

Petr Markov1, Jason G Valentine, Sharon M Weiss

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, 37235, USA. petr.markov@vanderbilt.edu

Optics Express
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Researchers developed a compact silicon photonics coupler using transformation optics. This device significantly improves fiber to waveguide mode conversion efficiency, achieving nearly 100% simulated transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
  • Existing methods often suffer from losses and fabrication complexity.
  • Transformation optics offers a novel approach to designing optical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a high-efficiency silicon photonics coupler for fiber-to-waveguide conversion.
  • To utilize transformation optics for achieving compact and efficient device designs.
  • To experimentally validate the performance of the designed coupler.

Main Methods:

  • Employed transformation optics and quasi-conformal mapping to derive material properties.
  • Designed a coupler using a distorted hexagonal lattice of air holes in silicon.

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  • Fabricated the 10 μm long coupler using a single-step lithography process.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a peak simulated transmission efficiency of nearly 100% for in-plane mode conversion.
    • Demonstrated a factor of 5 improvement in fiber-to-waveguide mode conversion efficiency compared to butt coupling in experimental tests.
    • The coupler's compact size (10 μm) and single-step fabrication are significant advantages.

    Conclusions:

    • The designed silicon photonics coupler offers a highly efficient and compact solution for fiber-to-waveguide mode conversion.
    • Transformation optics is a viable approach for designing advanced photonic devices with tailored properties.
    • This technology has the potential to enhance performance and reduce complexity in integrated photonic systems.