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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...
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Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
04:36

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Published on: October 2, 2020

Changes in circulating biomarkers during a single hemodialysis session.

Tae Yamamoto1, Marcelo M Nascimento, Shirley Y Hayashi

  • 1Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Hemodialysis International. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hemodialysis (HD) acutely increases inflammatory biomarkers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3). While vascular calcification markers were largely unaffected, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) decreased, correlating with phosphate changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with inflammation, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Understanding acute biomarker changes during HD is crucial for managing patient health and CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute impact of a single hemodialysis session on circulating biomarkers.
  • To assess changes in biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular calcification (VC).

Main Methods:

  • Measured circulating biomarkers in 45 stable patients before and after a single HD session.
  • Corrected biomarker concentrations for ultrafiltration-induced hemoconcentration.
  • Analyzed biomarkers including osteoprotegerin, fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3).

Main Results:

  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased by 14% and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) increased by 45%, indicating an inflammatory response.
  • Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) decreased by 19%, with changes correlating significantly with phosphate levels (ρ = 0.61, P < 0.001).
  • Osteoprotegerin, fetuin-A, and C-reactive protein showed no significant changes.

Conclusions:

  • IL-6 and PTX3 are valid biomarkers for the intradialytic inflammatory response.
  • Vascular calcification markers were generally unaffected by a single HD session.
  • The correlation between acute changes in FGF23 and phosphate during HD warrants further investigation.