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Related Concept Videos

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

[AMPK: a novel target controlling inflammation].

Feng Yao1, Guang-Yan Ji, Li Zhang

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica Sinica]
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates metabolism and energy. AMPK also suppresses inflammation by targeting key molecules, highlighting its potential as a novel anti-inflammatory drug target.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Immunology

Background:

  • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, influencing glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence indicates AMPK possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties, modulating key inflammatory pathways.
  • The established anti-diabetic drug metformin activates AMPK, suggesting a link between metabolic regulation and inflammation control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of AMPK.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms through which AMPK exerts its anti-inflammatory actions.
  • To highlight AMPK as a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on AMPK and inflammation.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involving AMPK's downstream targets.
  • Examination of the role of metformin in mediating anti-inflammatory effects via AMPK activation.

Main Results:

  • AMPK inhibits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, a central mediator of inflammatory responses.
  • AMPK activation leads to the suppression of inflammatory gene expression.
  • AMPK phosphorylates downstream targets such as SIRT1, PGC-1α, p53, and FoxO3a, contributing to the attenuation of inflammatory injury.

Conclusions:

  • AMPK plays a significant role in suppressing inflammatory processes and mitigating inflammatory damage.
  • The molecular mechanisms involve the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors.
  • AMPK represents a promising and novel therapeutic target for the development of effective anti-inflammatory agents.