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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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ADHD treatments, sleep, and sleep problems: complex associations.

Mark A Stein1, Margaret Weiss, Laura Hlavaty

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. mstein@uic.edu

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatments significantly impact sleep in patients of all ages. Factors like age and prior sleep issues predict sleep disturbances during ADHD pharmacotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with sleep disturbances.
  • Pharmacological treatments are common for ADHD, but their effects on sleep require thorough examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on sleep patterns in individuals with ADHD.
  • To identify clinical predictors of sleep problems experienced during ADHD pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on ADHD medications and sleep.
  • Analysis of clinical factors associated with sleep disturbances in ADHD patients undergoing treatment.

Main Results:

  • Both stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medications can affect sleep in children, adolescents, and adults.
  • Predictors of sleep issues during treatment include patient age, pre-existing sleep problems, and medication dosage/schedule.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep problems are a relevant consideration in ADHD pharmacotherapy.
  • Further research is needed into biological and genetic factors influencing individual responses to ADHD medications concerning sleep.