Computer-assisted navigation in total knee arthroplasty: a review of literature

Computer-assisted navigation surgery (CAS) has been performed in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for approximately 10 years. This technique offers experienced and inexperienced surgeons improved control and reproducible results. Currently, 30% of primary total knee replacements are performed using the CAS technique in Germany. The main problems after total knee replacement are generally aseptic loosening, instability and infection. According to various authors, the main reason for aseptic loosening is an inadequate alignment of the mechanical limb axis. Several level I and II studies have demonstrated that CAS leads to significantly less axial deviation. Nevertheless, there are critical arguments against CAS for routine use, such as longer operation times and higher costs. Additionally, there are still no long-term results available that post a definitive statement about lower revision rates, declining numbers of aseptic loosening, cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes following CAS.