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Related Concept Videos

Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

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Related Experiment Video

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An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging
16:01

An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging

Published on: September 24, 2017

High-power CMUTs: design and experimental verification.

F Yalçin Yamaner1, Selim Olçum, H Kağan Oğuz

  • 1Electronics Engineering Department, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey. yalcin@sabanciuniv.edu

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an optimized design for Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) to achieve high output pressures with reduced harmonic distortions. The novel design enables CMUTs to compete with piezoelectric transducers in demanding applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic Engineering
  • MEMS Technology
  • Ultrasonic Transducer Design

Background:

  • Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) show promise for high-power applications, but their nonlinearity requires optimization for reduced harmonic distortions.
  • Existing CMUT designs face limitations in achieving high output pressures and minimizing unwanted harmonic content, hindering their competitiveness with piezoelectric counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a design approach for CMUT array elements that maximizes radiation impedance and ensures full plate displacement for high output pressures.
  • To achieve low harmonic distortions in CMUTs through optimized element sizing and gap height, enabling superior performance in high-power ultrasonic applications.

Main Methods:

  • A design strategy was implemented focusing on sizing CMUT array elements for maximum radiation impedance and optimal gap heights to sustain full plate displacement.
  • An equivalent circuit model was employed to simulate the uncollapsed CMUT operation, facilitating parameter design without extensive finite element modeling (FEM).
  • Fabrication involved using a silicon wafer for a thicker plate and anodic bonding, with bias-free driving using continuous wave signals at half the resonant frequency.

Main Results:

  • The optimized CMUT design achieved a high output pressure of approximately 1.8 MPa.
  • Significantly low second harmonic distortion of -28 dBc was observed at the array surface.
  • The fabricated CMUT arrays were tested using a 1.44 MHz signal, demonstrating effective high-pressure generation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed design approach successfully enables CMUTs to achieve high output pressures and low harmonic distortions, making them suitable for high-power ultrasonic applications.
  • The developed equivalent circuit model provides an efficient tool for designing CMUT parameters for high-pressure output, reducing reliance on computationally intensive methods.
  • The bias-free driving strategy and silicon plate integration contribute to the robustness and performance of the fabricated CMUT arrays.