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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
11:06

Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 24, 2014

Linking stem cells to chromosomal instability.

Karel H M van Wely1, Carlos Martínez-A

  • 1Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC; UAM Campus Cantoblanco; Madrid, Spain.

Oncoimmunology
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells in human neoplasias are crucial for understanding cancer origins.
  • Stem cells possess unique characteristics making them susceptible to genetic damage and tumor initiation.
  • Chromosomal instability may impact stem cells, driving DNA damage and altering cellular programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between stem cells (SC), chromosomal instability, and carcinogenesis.
  • To outline the implications for oncoimmunology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature linking stem cells, chromosomal instability, and cancer.
  • Analysis of the role of genetic damage in stem cell transformation.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells are implicated as the likely site of initial cancer transformation.
  • Chromosomal instability presents a potential mechanism for stem cell-driven carcinogenesis.
  • The interplay between stem cells and chromosomal instability has significant consequences for cancer immunology.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell populations in human cancers are key to understanding cancer development.
  • Chromosomal instability is a critical factor in stem cell-mediated carcinogenesis.
  • Further research into these links is essential for advancing oncoimmunology.