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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Reprogrammed cell delivery for personalized medicine.

Markus Wieland1, Martin Fussenegger

  • 1ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering (D-BSSE), Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology engineers cells as programmable drug delivery systems, offering a personalized medicine alternative. These engineered cells can detect diseases and restore homeostasis, advancing therapeutic capabilities.

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Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood
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Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Published on: February 1, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Personalized medicine traditionally requires extensive genetic characterization, which is time- and cost-intensive.
  • Cell-based drug delivery presents a viable and promising alternative for tailored therapies.
  • Synthetic biology enables the engineering of cells as programmable therapeutic production facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in synthetic biology for engineering advanced cell-based drug delivery entities.
  • To highlight the progression from basic gene control systems to complex cellular functions.
  • To showcase the potential of engineered cells in detecting diseases and restoring physiological balance.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene control systems in cells.
  • Development of cellular implants for disease detection and homeostasis restoration.
  • Utilizing synthetic biology principles to program cellular responses to specific stimuli and conditions.

Main Results:

  • Engineered cells can detect cancer cells and regulate T-cell proliferation.
  • Cellular systems can restore blood glucose homeostasis in response to blue light.
  • Developed cellular implants for detecting urate levels and artificial insemination based on hormone detection.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic biology is rapidly advancing cell-based therapeutic delivery systems.
  • Engineered cells offer a powerful platform for personalized medicine and disease management.
  • Future applications include self-sufficient cellular treatments for multiple metabolic disorders.