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Related Concept Videos

Contingency Table01:29

Contingency Table

A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
Survival Tree01:19

Survival Tree

Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks01:21

Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks

Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures from...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.

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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Published on: March 17, 2019

The 2N-ary Choice Tree Model for N-Alternative Preferential Choice.

Lena M Wollschläger1, Adele Diederich

  • 1School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen Bremen, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The 2N-ary choice tree model explains how people make decisions between multiple options by comparing them. This model predicts choice probabilities and decision times, incorporating factors like emotions and attention.

Keywords:
2N-ary choice tree modelchoice probabilitiescomputational modelelimination of choice alternativesmulti-attribute choice alternativesmultiple choice alternativespreferential choiceresponse times

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Area of Science:

  • Decision science
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Understanding human decision-making in multi-alternative scenarios is complex.
  • Existing models often struggle to account for nuanced preference formation and response times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and detail the 2N-ary choice tree model for preferential choice.
  • To demonstrate the model's ability to predict choice probabilities and response times.
  • To explain how the model incorporates psychological factors and context effects.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical framework based on pairwise comparison of weighted attributes.
  • Incorporated an information sampling process leading to preference formation.
  • Derived closed-form solutions for choice probabilities and response time distributions.
  • Extended the model to accommodate more than three alternatives.

Main Results:

  • The 2N-ary choice tree model successfully accounts for observed choice probabilities and response times.
  • The model explains context effects such as similarity, attraction, and compromise.
  • Transition probabilities integrate psychological constituents like expectations, emotions, and attention.

Conclusions:

  • The 2N-ary choice tree model offers a robust framework for understanding multi-alternative preferential choice.
  • It provides a unified account of choice probabilities, response times, and context effects.
  • The model offers a distinct perspective compared to decision field theory and leaky competing accumulator models.