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Updated: May 21, 2026
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Ultrafast growth of highly ordered anodic TiO2 nanotubes in lactic acid electrolytes
Seulgi So1, Kiyoung Lee, Patrik Schmuki
1Department of Materials Science, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Abstract:
In the present work, we show that fully functional self-organized TiO(2) nanotube layers can be electrochemically grown with an unprecedented growth rate if lactic acid (LA) is used as an additive during anodization. The main effect of LA addition is that it allows performing nanotube growth at significantly higher anodization voltage than in the LA free case, and this without dielectric oxide breakdown ("burning"). As a result, for example, 15 μm tube thick nanotube layers, suitable for a use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be grown in 45 s and 7 μm tubes suitable for water splitting can be grown in 25 s.
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