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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Functional brain imaging across development.

Katya Rubia1

  • 1Department of Child Psychiatry/SGDP, Institute of Psychiatry, P046, King's College London, De Crepigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK, katya.rubia@kcl.ac.uk.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain development from childhood to adulthood shows increased activation in control regions and stronger long-range connections, leading to mature cognition. This functional integration refines cognitive and motivation control, timing, and attention networks.

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Development

Background:

  • The field of developmental cognitive neuroscience has seen significant growth.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key tool for studying brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fMRI literature on the development of cognitive and motivation control, timing, attention, and resting-state neural networks.
  • To synthesize evidence on how brain function and connectivity mature from childhood to adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • Analysis of brain activation patterns during cognitive tasks.
  • Examination of functional connectivity in both task-based and resting states.

Main Results:

  • Increased functional activation in frontal, striatal, and parieto-temporal regions with age.
  • Strengthened inter-regional connectivity within fronto-striatal and fronto-parieto-temporal networks.
  • Shift from posterior/limbic region recruitment to fronto-cortical/subcortical connections, indicating a move towards top-down control.
  • Enhanced deactivation in task-negative networks during rest, correlating with better task performance.
  • Development of stronger long-range connections (e.g., fronto-parietal) and weaker short-range connections, suggesting functional integration and segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Brain development involves progressive refinement and integration of neural networks.
  • Maturation leads to more efficient cognitive control and improved task performance.
  • The transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by a shift towards more sophisticated, supervised cognitive processes.