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Related Concept Videos

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...
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Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
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Obedience

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
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Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
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Gender inequality and gender differences in authoritarianism.

Mark J Brandt1, P J Henry

  • 1DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA. mark.brandt05@gmail.com

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|June 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Authoritarianism may serve as a defense against psychological threats. Women in gender-unequal societies show higher authoritarianism, especially in individualistic cultures, due to heightened stigma.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Political Psychology

Background:

  • Authoritarianism is theorized as a psychological defense mechanism against threats.
  • Previous research suggests authoritarianism helps manage threats like rejection and stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if authoritarianism is more prevalent in women in societies with high gender inequality.
  • To examine the relationship between gender inequality, stigma, and authoritarianism endorsement across cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1 established authoritarianism as a response to rejection and stigma.
  • Study 2 utilized multilevel modeling on data from 54 societies to compare authoritarianism endorsement between genders.
  • Cross-cultural data analysis was employed to explore societal influences.

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Main Results:

  • Authoritarianism was confirmed as partly a response to rejection, a stigma-related threat.
  • Women endorsed authoritarian values more than men across societies.
  • This gender difference was particularly pronounced in individualistic societies with high gender inequality.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological threats associated with stigma are not uniform across cultures for women.
  • The degree of cultural stigma is linked to the endorsement of psychologically protective attitudes like authoritarianism.
  • Societal gender inequality shapes the prevalence and expression of authoritarianism, particularly for women.