Exploring nutritional modes of cultivation for enhancing lipid accumulation in microalgae

The objective of this study was to identify the most promising nutritional mode of growth for enhanced biomass and lipid productivity in a set of twenty microalgal strains, grown under photoautotrophic and mixotrophic/heterotrophic conditions using 2% glucose as carbon source. These included four cyanobacterial strains (Cyanosarcina, Phormidium, Nostoc and Anabaena) and sixteen green algae belonging to six genera (five strains each of Chlorella and Chlorococcum, two of Scenedesmus and one each of Chlamydomonas, Kirchneria, Bracteacoccus and Ulothrix). Lipid productivity ranged from 2-13% under photoautotrophic conditions, 1.7-32% under mixotrophic conditions and 0.9-20% under heterotrophic conditions. MIC-G5 Chlorella sp. followed by MIC-G11 Chlorella sp. exhibited the highest cellular lipid content (355 and 271 μg/ml) and lipid productivity of 32% and 28% respectively in mixotrophic condition. In the glucose supplemented conditions (heterotrophic), a significant reduction in PUFA from 25.1 to 9.4, 29.2 to 12.4 and 44.7 to 10.2 was observed in MIC-G4, MIC-G5 and MIC-G11, respectively. A remarkable enhancement of 33-70% in SFA was recorded under mixotrophic conditions. As the quality of biodiesel is based on high SFA and low PUFA, our results illustrate the significance of glucose supplemented condition as a promising strategy for generating high value biodiesel from algae.