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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

Old men and thickened hearts.

Simon William Dubrey1, Freya Lodge

  • 1Hillingdon Hospital, Cardiology, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK. simon.dubrey@thh.nhs.uk

BMJ Case Reports
|June 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case highlights how atypical gastrointestinal symptoms can mask senile systemic amyloidosis, a condition often mistaken for light chain amyloidosis. Prompt diagnosis through biopsy is crucial for effective management of this rare disease.

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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Published on: February 18, 2022

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
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Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hematology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Amyloidosis diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping features among systemic types.
  • Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a common type, but other forms exist.
  • Atypical presentations can complicate initial diagnostic assessments.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with gastrointestinal issues and a hematological condition, initially suspected as AL amyloidosis.
  • Duodenal biopsy revealed transthyretin, leading to a revised diagnosis of senile systemic amyloidosis.
  • The patient survived over two years post-diagnosis with medical management.

Findings:

  • Transthyretin deposition in duodenal biopsies is indicative of senile systemic amyloidosis.
  • Histological verification from tissue biopsies is essential for definitive amyloidosis diagnosis.
  • Differentiating systemic amyloidoses requires careful clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing.

Implications:

  • Atypical gastrointestinal presentations warrant consideration of senile systemic amyloidosis.
  • Accurate differentiation of amyloidosis types is critical for appropriate patient management.
  • Combining clinical history, examination, and routine tests aids in diagnosing challenging amyloidosis cases.