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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

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Published on: August 11, 2015

Frontostriatal functional connectivity in major depressive disorder.

Daniella J Furman¹, J Paul Hamilton, Ian H Gotlib

¹Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-2004, USA. dfurman@stanford.edu.

Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders

|June 29, 2012

Summary

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to altered brain connectivity. Depressed individuals show abnormal functional connectivity in frontostriatal circuits crucial for emotion and cognition.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Neuroimaging

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is consistently associated with abnormalities in the striatum and frontal cortex.
The role of frontostriatal circuit integrity in MDD symptoms remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional connectivity of frontostriatal circuits in individuals with major depressive disorder.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to acquire brain data from currently depressed and never-disordered women during wakeful rest.
Seed-to-whole brain correlations were computed using predefined striatal regions-of-interest and compared between groups.

Main Results:

Depressed participants showed reduced functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.
Increased connectivity was observed between the dorsal caudate and dorsal prefrontal cortex in depressed individuals, correlating with symptom severity.

Conclusions:

Aberrant frontostriatal circuit connectivity characterizes major depressive disorder, impacting affective and cognitive processing.
Further research is needed to link specific connectivity patterns to depression symptoms and their course.