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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2025

Complex and defined biostructures with the dock-and-lock method.

Edmund A Rossi¹, David M Goldenberg, Chien-Hsing Chang

¹IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA. erossi@immunomedics.com

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

|June 29, 2012

Summary

The dock-and-lock (DNL) method enables precise protein engineering for creating complex biostructures. This technology facilitates the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents for unmet medical needs.

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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Protein Engineering
Bioconjugation

Background:

Protein engineering expands biopharmaceutical capabilities.
Site-specific conjugation allows precise assembly of biomolecules.
Existing methods have limitations in creating complex biostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate the dock-and-lock (DNL) method for protein engineering.
To demonstrate the DNL method's utility in creating complex biostructures with multivalency and multispecificity.
To highlight the DNL method's potential for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the natural interaction between modified human protein binding domains.
Employing site-specific conjugation for covalent fusion of modular components.
Combining recombinant engineering with chemical conjugation principles.

Main Results:

Successful construction of various complex bioconjugates, including antibodies and cytokines.
Demonstrated production of trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent antibodies.
Validated site-specific PEGylation of cytokines for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

The DNL method is a versatile platform for creating defined biostructures.
The DNL technology enables the development of multivalent and multispecific agents.
DNL is a valuable tool for novel therapeutic and diagnostic agent development to address unmet medical needs.