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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...

Pigmentation

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: June 10, 2025

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Christopher B Hansen¹, Kevin W Dahle

¹Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Christopher.hansen@hsc.utah.edu

Dermatologic Therapy

|June 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus treatment varies by disease severity. Mild cases benefit from sun protection and topicals, while systemic therapy with antimalarials is preferred for more severe autoimmune conditions.

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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: June 10, 2025

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a diverse autoimmune disorder.
CLE significantly affects patients' quality of life.
Treatment aims to control inflammation and prevent scarring.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline treatment strategies for cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
To guide treatment selection based on disease severity.
To inform clinicians about therapeutic options and their management.

Main Methods:

Review of current treatment guidelines for CLE.
Categorization of treatments by disease severity (mild, localized, severe, unresponsive).
Discussion of topical agents, sun protection, antimalarials, and other immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive drugs.

Main Results:

Mild or localized CLE is managed with sun protection and topical therapies.
Antimalarials are the first-line systemic treatment when indicated.
Severe or refractory CLE may require broader immunomodulating or immunosuppressive agents.

Conclusions:

Treatment for CLE should be individualized based on disease severity.
Effective management involves a stepwise approach, starting with conservative measures.
Awareness of adverse effects and proper dosing of systemic therapies is crucial for clinicians.