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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Functional performance deficits associated with ligamentous instability at the ankle.

Jeremy B Witchalls1, Phillip Newman, Gordon Waddington

  • 1Dept of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverier Crescent, Australia. Jeremy.Witchalls@ausport.com.au

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|June 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ankle ligament laxity in athletes is linked to poorer performance in hopping, agility, and proprioception tests. This suggests a need for enhanced rehabilitation strategies focusing on sport-specific skills.

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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Ankle ligament laxity can persist in athletes despite continued participation in sports.
  • Understanding the functional implications of laxity is crucial for injury management and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ankle anterior drawer ligament laxity and performance deficits in healthy athletes.
  • To identify specific performance tests affected by ankle laxity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional cohort study involving 86 sports participants.
  • Assessment included ankle ligament laxity, range of motion, hop-for-distance, hexagon agility hop test, and proprioception tests.
  • Statistical analysis used MANOVA and independent/paired t-tests.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in performance tests were observed between athletes with lax and stable ankles (MANOVA, p=0.009).
  • Lax ankles were associated with worse performance in hop-for-distance (p=0.001), hexagon hop (p=0.039), and proprioception (p=0.033).
  • Paired t-tests revealed significantly lower hexagon hop counts in lax ankles within the same individual (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Ankle ligament laxity is associated with persistent deficits in explosive power, agility, and proprioception in athletes.
  • These deficits manifest as reduced hopping distance, fewer agility hops, and decreased proprioceptive acuity.
  • Enhanced focus on sport-specific performance during late-stage rehabilitation is recommended for optimal clinical management.