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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

Modifying speech to children based on their perceived phonetic accuracy.

Hannah M Julien1, Benjamin Munson

  • 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|June 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adults lengthen fricative sounds in their speech when they perceive children's productions as inaccurate. This speech modification, influenced by adult experience with children, may serve as enhanced input or an error-correction signal.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech perception and production
  • Child language acquisition
  • Acoustic phonetics

Background:

  • Adults often modify their speech when talking to children, a phenomenon known as child-directed speech.
  • Understanding how adults perceive and respond to children's speech errors is crucial for language development research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between adults' perception of children's speech accuracy and the acoustic properties of adult speech produced in response.
  • To determine if adults alter speech features like fricative duration or spectral distinctiveness based on perceived child speech accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants rated the accuracy of 2- and 3-year-old children's /s/ and /∫/ sounds.
  • Adults then produced the same words, simulating a response to the child whose speech they had just rated.
  • Acoustic analysis focused on fricative duration and spectral distinctiveness.

Main Results:

  • Adults produced longer fricatives after hearing speech they perceived as inaccurate.
  • This modification in fricative duration was mediated by adults' self-reported experience interacting with children.
  • No significant changes in spectral distinctiveness were observed in response to perceived inaccurate child speech.

Conclusions:

  • Adults adjust the temporal characteristics of their speech, specifically fricative duration, in response to perceived inaccuracies in children's productions.
  • These lengthened fricatives may function as a form of enhanced auditory input or a direct error-correction signal to aid children's learning.