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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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E2F mediates enhanced alternative polyadenylation in proliferation.

Ran Elkon, Jarno Drost, Gijs van Haaften

    Genome Biology
    |July 4, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cellular proliferation drives global 3' untranslated region shortening via enhanced alternative polyadenylation. This process involves increased cleavage at intronic poly(A) sites and is regulated by E2F transcription factors, linking gene expression to cell growth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Multiple poly(A) sites in mammalian 3' UTRs allow for transcript isoform generation.
    • Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) regulates gene expression by altering 3' UTRs.
    • Global 3' UTR shortening linked to proliferation and cancer, but regulatory mechanisms are unknown.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate APA events associated with cellular proliferation and neoplastic transformation.
    • To identify mechanisms regulating APA during proliferation.

    Main Methods:

    • Transcriptome-wide analysis of APA events using deep sequencing.
    • Quantification of poly(A) sites in human cellular models across proliferative, arrested, and transformed states.

    Main Results:

    • Global 3' UTR shortening observed in proliferative cells, more strongly than in transformed cells.
    • Proliferation associated with enhanced cleavage at intronic poly(A) sites.
    • Expression of 3'-end processing genes elevated in proliferation, with E2F transcription factors contributing to this regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • APA events are comprehensively identified in relation to proliferation and transformation.
    • Enhanced APA in proliferation causes global 3' UTR shortening and intronic cleavage.
    • E2F-mediated regulation of 3'-end processing genes links APA to proliferation.