PCR inhibitors - occurrence, properties and removal

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Microbiology

Background:

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard technique for detecting microorganisms and genetic markers.
• PCR assays can be negatively impacted by inhibiting substances present in various sample types.
• These inhibitors can reduce assay sensitivity and lead to inaccurate, false-negative results.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the general properties and diverse mechanisms of action of PCR inhibitors.
• To discuss the occurrence of PCR inhibitors in specific sample matrices.
• To present and evaluate strategies for removing PCR inhibitors and quality control methods.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on PCR inhibitor properties and sample matrices.
• Analysis of various nucleic acid preparation protocols for inhibitor removal.
• Discussion of quality control measures to assess inhibitor influence on PCR.

Main Results:

• PCR inhibitors are a diverse group of substances with varied properties and actions.
• Specific sample types often contain characteristic PCR inhibitors, requiring tailored preparation methods.
• Effective removal strategies and quality control assessments are crucial for reliable PCR outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding PCR inhibitor characteristics is vital for optimizing detection assays.
• Matrix-specific sample preparation is essential to mitigate inhibition.
• Implementing robust removal and quality control strategies ensures the accuracy of PCR-based analyses.