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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Robert J Moraca1, Manreet Kanwar

  • 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gerald McGinnis Cardiovascular Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA. rmoraca@wpahs.org

Heart Failure Clinics
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious condition where blood clots obstruct lung arteries. Advances in diagnostics and surgery offer potential cures, but treatment requires individualization due to a lack of trials.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) involves pulmonary artery obstruction by organized blood clots.
  • This obstruction leads to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.
  • Historically diagnosed post-mortem, CTEPH is now increasingly recognized and treatable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of CTEPH.
  • To highlight advances in diagnostic and surgical interventions.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on CTEPH.
  • Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of surgical pulmonary endarterectomy outcomes and techniques.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic modalities have improved significantly, enabling earlier detection of CTEPH.
  • Surgical pulmonary endarterectomy offers a potentially curative treatment option.
  • Lack of randomized controlled trials necessitates personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • CTEPH is a treatable condition with improved diagnostic and surgical options.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial in managing CTEPH.
  • Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to standardize care.