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Scuba divers' pulmonary oedema. A review
1Foundation President and a Life Member of SPUMS, Ocean Royale 11/69-74 North Steyne, Manly, NSW 2095, Australia, Phone: +61-(0)2-9976-5556,
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
|July 4, 2012
Summary
Pulmonary oedema in scuba divers differs from swimming or freediving forms. Scuba divers are typically older and may have underlying cardiovascular issues, requiring distinct management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Diving Medicine
Background:
- Pulmonary oedema can occur during water immersion.
- Distinct forms exist: swimming-induced, freediving-induced, and scuba diving-induced pulmonary oedema (SDPE).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on scuba divers' pulmonary oedema (SDPE).
- To compare SDPE with other immersion-induced pulmonary oedemas.
- To highlight differences in demographics, causation, and management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on SDPE and related conditions.
- Comparative analysis of case demographics, etiological factors, and treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- Swimming-induced cases: young, fit individuals with excessive exertion.
- Freediving-induced cases: extreme breath-holding and barotrauma.
- SDPE cases: older individuals, often with pre-existing or occult cardiovascular disease.
Conclusions:
- While sharing some commonalities, the three forms of immersion-induced pulmonary oedema exhibit significant differences.
- Management strategies, including investigations and prevention, must be tailored to the specific type of pulmonary oedema.
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